THE PASSIVE VOICE

FORMĂ

to be + vb – ed / 3rd form (past participle)
  • Present Simple              am/are/is given
  • Present Continuous     am/are/is being given
  • Present Perfect               have/ has been given
  • Past Tense                        was/were given
  • Past Perfect                      had been given
  • Future                                 shall/ will be given
  • Future-in-the-past        shall/will have been given

La diateza pasivă, agentul care face acțiunea este fie necunoscut, fie un grup de indivizi.

Atunci când acesta este menționat, este precedat de prepoziția by – de către

SITUAȚIILE ÎN CARE SE FOLOSEȘTE

1.Se folosește în general cu verbe tranzitive

George built a big plane.

A big plane was built by George.

2. Cu verbele to advise, to encourage, to forbid, to reminde, to recommend , to tell, to warn

You’d better stop smoking, John.

John was advised to stop smoking.

It’s dangerous to swim across the Gibraltar Straits, Tom.

Tom was warned not to swim across the Gibraltar Straits.

După verbul to warn se pune adverbul de negație not.

3. Cu verbe care pot fi urmate de CD și de CI. Aceste verbe  pot avea două forme de pasiv

I offered Barbara a book on her birthday.

  1. Barbara was offered a book.
  2. A book was offered to Barbara.

Varianta 1. este cea preferată de vorbitorii de limba engleză.

4. În construcțiile cu reflexiv impersonal

  • I s-a spus să plece. – He/ She was told to leave.
  • S-au adus noi jucării la magazin. – New toys were brought to the shop.
  • S-a deschis un teatru nou în oraș. – A new theater was opened in the town.
  • S-au scris articole numeroase pe această temă. – Many articles have been written on that topic.

VEZI Cauzative cu nuanță de pasiv